The Effect of Self-Congruity on The Loyalty of Young Domestic Tourists in Bali Through Destination Personality

Authors

  • Ni Gusti Ayu Susrami Dewi Udayana University
  • Ni Luh Kadek Laksmi Wulandani Udayana University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29303/intour.v4i2.2660

Abstract

This study focuses on the loyalty of young domestic tourists to Bali as a tourist destination. The loyalty of this segment is important to examine because young domestic tourists represent both a potential and actual market for Bali. Strong loyalty among young tourists can generate various positive impacts, including reduced promotional costs, sustained profitability, and an enhanced positive image of Bali as a destination. Considering the unique characteristics of young tourists—who tend to seek novel and authentic experiences—this study identifies key determinants such as self-congruity, destination personality, and tourist loyalty. Employing an explanatory research design with a mixed-method approach integrating quantitative and qualitative components, and using Multiple Linear Regression for the quantitative analysis, the study offers in-depth insights into how self-congruity and destination personality influence loyalty. Tourist loyalty in this research is measured through revisit intention and recommendation intention. This study is particularly relevant due to the limited existing research on the loyalty of young domestic tourists toward Bali. The results of the Multiple Linear Regression (mediation) analysis show that self-congruity has a significant positive effect on destination loyalty and tourist loyalty. Destination personality also has a significant positive effect on loyalty. Furthermore, the analysis reveals that Destination Personality partially mediates the relationship between Self-Congruity and Tourist Loyalty significantly.

References

Aaker, J. L., & Maheswaran, D. (1997). The effect of cultural orientation on persuasion. Journal of Consumer Research, 24(3), 315–328. [https://doi.org/10.1086/209513](https://doi.org/10.1086/209513)

Andari, R., Yuniawati, Y., & Utami, P. N. (2020). Pengaruh destination personality terhadap revisit intention. Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis Equilibrium, 6*(2), 130–145. [https://doi.org/10.47329/jurnal_mbe.v6i2.429](https://doi.org/10.47329/jurnal_mbe.v6i2.429)

Ardyan, E., & Wibisono, U. (2019). Self-congruity, destination relationship and memorable tourist experience: An empirical study on destination loyalty. *Jurnal Dinamika Manajemen, 10*(1), 111–123. [https://doi.org/10.15294/jdm.v10i1.17408](https://doi.org/10.15294/jdm.v10i1.17408)

Asyraff, M. A., Hanafiah, M. H., Aminuddin, N., & Mahdzar, M. (2023). Adoption of the Stimulus–Organism–Response (S-O-R) model in hospitality and tourism research: Systematic literature review and future research directions. *Asia-Pacific Journal of Innovation in Hospitality and Tourism (APJIHT), 12*(1), 19–48. [https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.5555/20230251311](https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.5555/20230251311)

Asyraff, M. A., Hanafiah, M. H., Aminuddin, N., & Mahdzar, M. (2023). Adoption of the Stimulus–Organism–Response (S-O-R) model in hospitality and tourism research: Systematic literature review and future research directions. Asia-Pacific Journal of Innovation in Hospitality and Tourism, 12(1), 19–48.

Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia. (2023). Statistik wisatawan nusantara. Denpasar.

Buffa, F. (2015). Young tourists and sustainability: Profiles, attitudes, and implications for destination strategies. *Sustainability, 7*(10), 14042–14062. [https://doi.org/10.3390/su71014042](https://doi.org/10.3390/su71014042)

Buffa, F. (2015). Young tourists and sustainability: Profiles, attitudes, and implications for destination strategies. Sustainability, 7(10), 14042–14062.

Cifci, I., Rather, R. A., Taspian, & Altunel, G. K. (2023). Demystifying destination attachment, self-congruity and revisiting intention in dark tourism destinations through the gender-based lens. *Tourism Recreation Research, 48*(1), 1–17. [https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2023.2190280](https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2023.2190280)

Cifci, I., Rather, R. A., Taspian, & Altunel, G. K. (2023). Demystifying destination attachment, self-congruity and revisiting intention in dark tourism destinations through the gender-based lens. Tourism Recreation Research, 48(1), 1–17.

Dewi, S., & Wulandani, N. L. K. L. (2024). Pengaruh self-congruity dan penggunaan media sosial terhadap niat berkunjung kembali wisatawan nusantara muda ke Bali. *Laporan Penelitian Hibah Unggulan Program Studi.* Universitas Udayana.

Ekinci, Y., & Hosany, S. (2006). Destination personality: An application of brand personality to tourism destinations. *Journal of Travel Research, 45*(2), 127–139. [https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287506291603](https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287506291603)

Ekinci, Y., & Hosany, S. (2006). Destination personality: An application of brand personality to tourism destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 45(2), 127–139.

Ghozali, I. (2017). *Structural equation model: Concept and application with the AMOS 24 program*. Semarang: Diponegoro University Publishing Agency.

Ghozali, I. (2018). *Aplikasi analisis multivariate dengan program IBM SPSS* (Edisi 9). Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.

Gorbatov, S., & Chuvatkin, P. (2021). The research of youth travel references. *European Proceedings of Social and Behavioral Sciences (EpSBS)*, 464–475. [https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.04.51](https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.04.51)

Gorbatov, S., & Chuvatkin, P. (2021). The research of youth travel preferences. European Proceedings of Social & Behavioral Sciences, 464–475.

Hajar, S., Nafisah, N., & Wulung, S. R. P. (2021). Systematic literature review on self-congruity in tourism destination. *Journal of Tourism Education, 1*(1), 25–32. [http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/xxxx.xxxx](http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/xxxx.xxxx)

Hakim, I. N. (2023). The value of CHSE hotel certificates in increasing hotel loyalty among domestic tourists. *Journal of Governance and Public Policy, 10*(3), 216–233.

Joo, D., Woosnam, M. K., Lee, S., & Lee, C. K. (2020). Destination loyalty as explained through self-congruity, emotional solidarity, and travel satisfaction. *Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 45*, 338–347. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.06.017](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.06.017)

Joo, D., Woosnam, M. K., Lee, S., & Lee, C. K. (2020). Destination loyalty as explained through self-congruity, emotional solidarity, and travel satisfaction. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 45, 338–347.

Kim, H., & Stepchenkova, S. (2017). Understanding destination personality through visitors' experience: A cross-cultural perspective. *Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 6*(4), 416–425.

Kim, H., & Stepchenkova, S. (2017). Understanding destination personality through visitors’ experience: A cross-cultural perspective. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 6(4), 416–425.

Klipfel, S. A., Barclay, A. C., & Bockorny, K. M. (2014). Self-congruity: A determinant of brand personality. *Journal of Marketing Development and Competitiveness, 8*(3), 130–143.

Kong, W. H., Loi, K. I., & Xu, J. (2020). Investigating destination loyalty through tourist attraction personality and loyalty. *Journal of China Tourism Research*, 1–22. [https://doi.org/10.1080/19388160.2020.1862011](https://doi.org/10.1080/19388160.2020.1862011)

Kressmann, F., Sirgy, M. J., Hermann, A., Huber, F., Huber, S., & Lee, D.-J. (2006). Direct and indirect effects of self-image congruence on brand loyalty. *Journal of Business Research, 59*, 955–964.

Kressmann, F., Sirgy, M. J., Hermann, A., Huber, F., Huber, S., & Lee, D.-J. (2006). Direct and indirect effects of self-image congruence on brand loyalty. Journal of Business Research, 59(9), 955–964.

Kumar, V. (2016). Examining the role of destination personality and self-congruity in predicting tourist behavior. *Tourism Management Perspectives, 20*, 217–227.

Kumar, V. (2016). Examining the role of destination personality and self-congruity in predicting tourist behavior. Tourism Management Perspectives, 20, 217–227.

Lestari, W. (2021). Revisit intention to destination image, eWOM, and destination personality: Kuta Beach Bali, Indonesia. *International Humanities and Applied Science Journal (IHASJ), 4*(3), 136–145. [https://doi.org/10.22441/ihasj.2021.v4i3.02](https://doi.org/10.22441/ihasj.2021.v4i3.02)

Lu, C. Y., Chen, B. T., & Hutapea, R. S. (2022). What drives tourist loyalty toward Taiwan as a tourist destination? A lesson prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. *International Journal of Applied Business Research, 4*(2), 133–150. [https://doi.org/10.35313/ijabr.v4i2.253](https://doi.org/10.35313/ijabr.v4i2.253)

Lu, C. Y., Chen, B. T., & Hutapea, R. S. (2022). What drives tourist loyalty toward Taiwan as a tourist destination? International Journal of Applied Business Research, 4(2), 133–150.

Mina, T., Tapraghloo, J., Zarei, G., & Nouri, A. (2020). The effect of destination brand image on revisit intention: The mediator role of destination personality, memorable tourism experiences and destination satisfaction. Journal of Urban Tourism, 7(1).

Mina, T., Tapraghloo, J., Zarei, G., Baqer, N., & Nouri, A. (2020). The effect of destination brand image on revisit intention: The mediator role of destination personality, memorable tourism experiences and destination satisfaction. *Journal of Urban Tourism, 7*(1). [http://doi.org/10.22059/JUT.2020.286895.697](http://doi.org/10.22059/JUT.2020.286895.697)

Nieves-Pavón, S., López-Mosquera, N., & Jiménez-Naranjo, H. (2023). The factors influencing STD through SOR theory. *Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 75*, 103533. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.103533](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.103533)

Nieves-Pavón, S., López-Mosquera, N., & Jiménez-Naranjo, H. (2023). The factors influencing tourism decision-making through SOR theory. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 75, 103533.

Nuriana, R. A., Lenggogeni, S., & Verinita, V. (2023). Pengaruh personalitas destinasi terhadap niat berkunjung kembali wisatawan Gen Z dan milenial. *Jurnal Informatika Ekonomi Bisnis, 5*(4), 1121–1126. [https://doi.org/10.37034/infeb.v5i14.712](https://doi.org/10.37034/infeb.v5i14.712)

Phau, I., & Lau, K. C. (2001). Brand personality and consumer self-expression: Single or dual carriageway? *Journal of Brand Management, 8*(6), 428–444.

Purwianti, L., & Patricia, E. (2021). Analisa pengaruh destination image dan motivation terhadap tourist loyalty dengan perceived value dan tourist satisfaction sebagai mediasi di Kota Batam. *Jurnal Bisnis, Manajemen dan Keuangan: Conference on Management, Business, Innovation, Education and Social Science, 1*(1), 2110–2122.

Ranjbarian, B., & Ghaffari, M. (2018). Direct and indirect effect of tourist self-image congruence on tourism destination brand loyalty. *International Journal of Tourism Policy, 8*(3), 187.

Ranjbarian, B., & Ghaffari, M. (2018). Direct and indirect effect of tourist self-image congruence on tourism destination brand loyalty. International Journal of Tourism Policy, 8(3), 187–200.

Richards, G. (2015). The new global nomads: Youth travel in a globalizing world. Tourism Recreation Research, 40(3), 340–352.

Richards, G. (2015). The new global nomads: Youth travel in a globalizing world. Tourism Recreation Research, 40(3), 340–352.

Rommy, N., Mokodompit, E. A., & Juharsah. (2018). Pengaruh destination personality terhadap destination loyalty (The effect of destination personality on destination loyalty). *JUMBO: Jurnal Manajemen, Bisnis dan Organisasi, 2*(1), 1–10. [https://doi.org/10.33772/jumbo.v2i1.8043](https://doi.org/10.33772/jumbo.v2i1.8043)

Saika, A. A. (2018). A review on the definition of muda tourism. *International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, 6*(2), 107–113.

Sato, M. (2024). Do young sustainable tourists build better relationships with destinations? *European Journal of Sustainable Development, 13*(2), 375.

Sirgy, M. J., & Su, C. (2000). Destination image, self-congruity, and travel behavior: Toward an integrative model. *Journal of Travel Research, 38*(4), 340–352. [https://doi.org/10.1177/004728750003800402](https://doi.org/10.1177/004728750003800402)

Sop, S. A. (2020). Self-congruity theory in tourism research: A systematic review and future research direction. *European Journal of Tourism, 26*, 1–19.

Sugiyono. (2020). *Cara mudah menyusun skripsi, tesis dan disertasi.* Bandung: Alfabeta.

Suhud, U., Marmaya, N. H., Lada, S., & Wahidah, U. (2023). Intention to visit a world-famous tourism village in Bali: The role of destination image, self-congruence, and destination personality. In *1st International Conference of Management and Business (ICoMB 2022)* (pp. 96–106).

Sultan, M. T., Sharmin, F., Budelescu, A., Gavrilut, D., & Xue, K. (2021). Social media-based content towards image formation: A new approach to the selection of sustainable destinations. *Sustainability, 13*(8), 3–22. [https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084241](https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084241)

Sultan, M. T., Sharmin, F., Budelescu, A., Gavrilut, D., & Xue, K. (2021). Social media-based content toward image formation: A new approach to the selection of sustainable destinations. Sustainability, 13(8), 4241.

Vinh, N. Q. (2023). Impact of self-congruity and destination image on tourist loyalty: Evidence from recreation farm tourism. *International Journal of Professional Business Review, 8*(4), 1–16. [https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i4.1567](https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i4.1567)

Wang, L., & Li, X. (2023). The five influencing factors of tourist loyalty: A meta-analysis. *PLOS ONE, 18*(4), 1–21. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.02812025](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.02812025)

Yang, S., Isa, S. M., Ramayah, T., Blanes, R., & Kiumarsi, S. (2020). The effects of destination brand personality on Chinese tourists’ revisit intention to Glasgow: An examination across gender. *Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 32*(5), 435–452. [https://doi.org/10.1080/08961530.2020.1717400](https://doi.org/10.1080/08961530.2020.1717400)

Yang, S., Isa, S. M., Ramayah, T., Blanes, R., & Kiumarsi, S. (2020). Effects of destination brand personality on tourists’ revisit intention. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 32(5), 435–452.

Downloads

Published

2025-12-04

How to Cite

Dewi, N. G. A. S., & Wulandani, N. L. K. L. (2025). The Effect of Self-Congruity on The Loyalty of Young Domestic Tourists in Bali Through Destination Personality. International Journal of Tourism Business Research, 4(2), 49–62. https://doi.org/10.29303/intour.v4i2.2660