Generation Z's Sustainopreneurship Readiness in Indonesian Tourism: Digital Innovation and Barriers

Authors

  • I Gede Gian Saputra Udayana University, Indonesia
  • Dewa Ayu Nyoman Aridayanti Bali Tourism Polytechnic, Indonesia
  • Dewa Ayu Made Lily Dianasari Bali Tourism Polytechnic, Indonesia
  • Ida Bagus Putra Negarayana Bali Tourism Polytechnic, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29303/intour.v5i1.2976

Keywords:

digital technology, entrepreneurial motivation, generation z, sustainopreneurship, tourism entrepreneurship

Abstract

This study investigates the sustainopreneurship readiness of Indonesia’s Generation Z in the tourism sector, integrating the Theory of Planned Behavior, Self-Determination Theory, and the Triple Bottom Line framework. An explanatory mixed-method design was employed with 100 tourism students from two universities in Bali, Cronbach's a = 0.882. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, Spearman rank-order correlations, and thematic analysis were applied to quantitative and open-ended data. Results reveal that 84% of respondents expressed entrepreneurial interest  M = 4.30, SD = 0.76, with no statistically significant demographic variation across gender [x2(1) = 0.784, p = .376], age [X2(1) = 0.041, p = .840], or education level [X2(1) = 2.607, p = .106]. Digital technology and sustainability emerged as deeply integrated orientations (rs = .528, p < .001). However, capital access constraints (72%), regulatory barriers (57%), and managerial inexperience (65%) create a significant intention–behavior gap. This study advances the sustainopreneurship literature by distinguishing high dispositional readiness from insufficient structural ecosystem readiness among Generation Z in Indonesia.

 

References

Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T

Andrade-Valbuena, N., Baier-Fuentes, H., & Gaviria-Marin, M. (2022). An overview of sustainable entrepreneurship in tourism, destination, and hospitality research based on the Web of Science. Sustainability, 14(22), 14944. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142214944

Belz, F. M., & Binder, J. K. (2017). Sustainable entrepreneurship: A convergent process model. Business Strategy and the Environment, 26(5), 567–585. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.1887

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa

Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3rd ed.). SAGE.

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01

Dheer, R. J. S., & Lenartowicz, T. (2018). Entrepreneurship in emerging markets. In G. Cook & J. Johns (Eds.), The Routledge companion to international management education (pp. 133–154). Routledge.

Elkington, J. (1997). Cannibals with forks: The triple bottom line of 21st-century business. Capstone.

Gretzel, U., & Yoo, K. H. (2019). Social media and travel information: Generation Z’s approach. Tourism Review, 57(2), 135–152. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-06-2018-0223

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate data analysis (8th ed.). Cengage.

Krueger, N. F., & Carsrud, A. L. (1993). Entrepreneurial intentions: Applying the theory of planned behaviour. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 5(4), 315–330. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985629300000020

Kumar, S., Kumar, V., Kumari Bhatt, I., Kumar, S., & Attri, K. (2023). Digital transformation in tourism sector: Trends and future perspectives from a bibliometric-content analysis. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights. https://doi.org/10.1108/jhti-10-2022-0472

Lee, S., & Kim, Y. (2020). Factors influencing entrepreneurial intention among Generation Z in Asia. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 27(3), 338–357. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-11-2019-0345

Mínguez, C., Martínez-Hernández, C., & Yubero, C. (2021). Higher education and the sustainable tourism pedagogy: Are tourism students ready to lead change in the post-pandemic era? Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 29, 100329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2021.100329

Nambisan, S., & Baron, R. A. (2020). Digital entrepreneurship: Toward a digital technology perspective of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 44(5), 1041–1063. https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258719900773

Phillimore, J., & Goodson, L. (Eds.). (2004). Qualitative research in tourism: Ontologies, epistemologies and methodologies. Routledge.

Prensky, M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants. On the Horizon, 9(5), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1108/10748120110424816

Roshchupkina, V., Khakirov, A., Manuylenko, V., Gryzunova, N., Koniagina, M., & Ermakova, G. (2023). Entrepreneurial activity of Generation Z: Motives, algorithms for starting a business. Journal of Law and Sustainable Development, 11(11), e1331. https://doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v11i11.1331

Saiyed, M., Srivastava, N., & Gupta, B. (2022). Entrepreneurship and ethics: Perspective of Gen Z. International Journal of Special Education, 37(3), 5274–5285. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6140996

Saputra, I. G. G. (2021). Bentuk digitalisasi desa wisata di masa normal baru: Studi kasus Desa Sayan Ubud Bali. Jurnal Kepariwisataan, 20(1), 18–25. https://doi.org/10.52352/jpar.v20i1.448

Saputra, I. G. G., & Sanjiwani, N. M. G. (2024). Digitalization of rural tourism products: Evaluating stages and managerial readiness. International Journal of Human Research and Social Science Studies, 1(6), 92–96. https://doi.org/10.55677/ijhrsss/01-2024-Vol01I6

Saura, J. R., Palos-Sanchez, P., & Cerdan, A. G. (2020). The digital tourism ecosystem: Exploring Generation Z’s interactions. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 17, 100223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2020.100223

Solesvik, M. Z. (2019). Entrepreneurial intentions of Generation Z: A cross-national study. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 9(2), 24–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40497-019-00153-y

Tseng, C. H., & Lim, M. H. (2021). Barriers and facilitators for Generation Z entrepreneurship in the tourism industry. Tourism Management Perspectives, 37, 100771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2021.100771

Zhang, Y., & Szabó, Z. (2024). Digital transformation in the tourism industry: A comparative literature review. Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences, 72(1), 166–179. https://doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/72/20240667

Downloads

Published

2026-06-17

How to Cite

Saputra, I. G. G., Aridayanti, D. A. N., Dianasari, D. A. M. L., & Negarayana, I. B. P. (2026). Generation Z’s Sustainopreneurship Readiness in Indonesian Tourism: Digital Innovation and Barriers. International Journal of Tourism Business Research, 5(1), 72–83. https://doi.org/10.29303/intour.v5i1.2976